Levelling Terms, Levelling Instruments, Levelling Staff, Levelling Methods and Uses of Levelling
Levelling ( or Leveling) is a branch of surveying, the object of which is: i) to find the elevations of given points with respect to a given or assumed datum, and ii) to establish points at a given or assumed datum.
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Leveling involves the measurement of a vertical distance relative to a horizontal line of sight. Therefore it requires a graduated staff for the vertical measurements and an instrument that will provide a horizontal line of sight. Leveling Methods in Surveying. Direct Leveling (Spirit Leveling) Barometric Leveling Hypsometric Leveling
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19 Feb, 2020 Leveling in surveying - Instruments and its Types The art of determining the relative heights of point on the surface of the earth is term as leveling. A leveling instruments are "Level" and "Staff" is employ for this purpose along with other equipment. That's are :- Instruments for leveling Level and Leveling Staff Types of Level
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1. Establishing a level reference line or plane: The main purpose of levelling is to establish a level reference line or plane, which serves as a benchmark for all vertical measurements. This reference line is needed to determine the elevations of various points on the ground accurately. 2.
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1.Dumpy level. 2. Wye or Y level. 3. Cooke's reversible level. 4. Cushing's level. 5. Tilting Level. Levelling Instruments used in Surveying. Levelling instruments are employed for determining the relative heights of different points on the earth's surface.
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There are four types of surveying levels: 1.The wye, or the dumpy level2.The tilting level,3.The self - leveling level; and The first type consists of a telescopic sight.
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Levelling or leveling ( American English; see spelling differences) is a branch of surveying, the object of which is to establish or verify or measure the height of specified points relative to a datum.
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Leveling is a branch of surveying in civil engineering to measure levels of different points with respect to a fixed point such as elevation of a building, height of one point from ground etc. Types of Leveling in Surveying Direct leveling Trigonometric leveling Barometric leveling Stadia leveling Direct Leveling
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(i) A telescope to provide a line of sight (ii) A level tube to make the line of sight horizontal and (iii) A levelling head to level the instrument. The following types of levels are available: (i) Dumpy level (ii) Wye (or, Y) level (iii) Cookes reversible level (iv) Cushings level (v) Tilting level and (vi) Auto level. Dumpy Level
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Definition: Levelling is the most widely used method of obtaining the elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is usually carried out as a separate procedure to those used in fixing planimetric position. The basic concept of leveling involves the measurement of vertical distance relative to a horizontal line of sight.
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With a levelling instrument, it is possible to establish only a horizontal line not a level line. However,for the smalldistances involved in ordinary levelling, the distinction between level line and horizontal line is negligible. The errors due to instrumental faults can be eliminated if the points are equidistant from the levelling instrument.
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1. Barometric Leveling. Uses an instrument to measure the atmosphere at any altitude. So in this method of leveling, the atmospheric pressure of two different points is carefully observed, determining the base of the vertical difference between the points. However, civil engineers are only using this method rarely as it is only a rough.
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The levelling instrument consists of the following parts: A telescope consists of two lenses placed inside a tube. The lens opposite to the viewing end is called the objective lens or the objective. The rays of light from the object form an image behind the objective (between the objective and the eye lens).
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LEVELLING UP. The vertical axis of the instrument is rendered truly vertical through the levelling up operation which may be accomplished in accordance with the following steps. In Figure (a) and (b) three-foot screw arrangements of a dumpy level and in ๏ฌgures (c) and (d) four-foot screw arrangements of a dumpy level are shown.
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Levelling in surveying is primarily used to determine the relative height of various points on, above, and below the ground's surface. It is a method of calculating the difference in elevations or levels between two points on the earth's surface.
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The levelling instruments essentially consist of the following: A levelling head with three foot screws which enables to bring the bubble at its centre. Telescope that provides line of sight to bisect distinct objects. A bubble tube to make the line of sight horizontal either mounted on top or side of the telescope.
